与B／L有关的国际海事欺诈行为及其防范

B／L是国际贸易中最重要的海运单据之一。在国际贸易实践中，与B／L有关的海事欺诈行为的形式多样，具体有伪造B／L、倒签和预借B／L、以保函换取清洁B／L和无单放货等。引起B／L欺诈的原因包括信用证交易自身的缺陷、B／L管理的疏满、国际航运因素和其他法律因素等。防范B／L欺诈的主要措施在于完善B／L制度、严格资信调查、严格挑选承运人，严格审单查证、选用合适的贸易术语、重视船舶装卸监督和杜绝预借和倒签B／L等。

On the Maritime Fraud relating to the B/L and the Precautions

B/L is one of the most important shipping documents in the international trade. In the practice of intematlonal trade, the forms of maritime fraud relating to the B/L vary, such as a forged B/L, backdated and advanced B/L, a letter of indemnity in exchange for a clean B/L, and release the goods without any documents. The reasons of B/L fraud include the defects of the L/C transactions, the omission of B/L management, international shipping factors and other legal factors. Precautions of the B/L fraud are improving the B / L system, strict credit investigation, choose a reliable carrier, a reasonable choice of trade terms, monitor the loading and unloading strictly and prohibiting advanced and backdated B/L etc.