个人主义:乡村社会组织化思想资源和价值支撑——基于西方路径与经验反思的视角

不同的文化信仰会引起不同的组织发展路径,进而影响博弈的规则,并最终影响到社会制度性结构的确定。西方经过了启蒙运动中的自由主义、功利主义及个人主义等思潮洗礼,形成了社会现代性的基本精神特征:以市场社会为基础的个性解放与主体自由、社会契约、经济自由。其客观实在就是独立于国家权力的自治的市民社会。西方的基层社会组织化、农业合作化正是这一现代性的历史趋向在经历了深刻的社会化修正后的一项成果。将根植于西方个人主义土壤中的社会组织化制度——合作社,移植到中国的以传统集体主义为核心价值观的社会中,其发生异化或难以很好成长是情理之中的事情。这也就是50年来"中国一直没有一种合作制机构真正成功过"的文化根源和精神制约。因为组织化、合作化首先孕育于个人主义的发展过程,然后才逐渐形成。

Individualism: Ideological Resources and Value Support of Rural Social Organization-From the Path and Experience of Western Perspectives

Different cultural beliefs lead to different development paths,further affect the game rules,and eventually affect the determination of societal institution structure.The western society has gone through the baptism of liberalism,utilitarianism and individualism and other thoughts during the enlightenment.Thus,the basic spiritual characteristics of the modern society are formed.They include the individual liberation based on market and subjective freedom,social contract,and economic freedom.Their premise is that autonomous civil society is independent of state power.The western basic societal systematization and agricultural cooperation are the result of historical trends after profound amendment.It is reasonable that the cooperative rooted in the western individualism is hard to develop in the rural area of China.The traditional collectivism is the core of Chinese cultural.This is also the cultural root and spirit limitation to the failure of Chinese cooperation system for fifty years.In other words,organization and cooperation of the rural area should stem from individualism.