基于生态位理论的哈尔滨环城游憩带空间布局研究

[目的]随着中国人民生活水平的逐步提高,城市居民对于城郊游憩的需求也在快速发展,环城游憩带空间布局的研究成为一个热点问题,运用生态位理论对其进行研究可以为环城游憩带的发展规划提供合理建议。[方法]生态位理论作为环城游憩带空间布局研究的理论基础之一,为此,文章尝试利用生态位维度、生态位重叠等测度对哈尔滨市环城游憩带空间布局进行分析,并对分析结果结合现实情况提出对策。[结果](1)依据生态位维度和哈尔滨特殊的季节性旅游特点,可以将哈尔滨夏季环城游憩带空间布局划分为近郊、远郊游憩带两大圈层,阿城、宾县、尚志、五常四大旅游带;冬季环城游憩带空间划分为市区、近郊、远郊三大滑雪游憩带。(2)对选取的景区进行生态位测定,依据测定结果和相关公式计算各景区间生态位重叠。通过数据分析结果发现研究区夏季景区空间布局在近郊圈层阿城区、宾县两大近郊区域内景区密度较大,景区间竞争关系激烈;冬季景区圈层内部竞争较为激烈,尤其以远郊最为显著。(3)针对分析结果,该文从生态位分离、降低生态位重叠度和增加生态位宽度3个角度提出了环城游憩带建设的优化建议。[结论]研究结果和现实吻合,说明哈尔滨环城游憩带内各景区竞争激烈,应进一步优化。通过分析过程和结果说明了生态位理论对旅游区域研究具有重要意义,可以作为指导环城游憩带空间布局的理论之一。

THE LAYOUT OF HARBIN RECREATIONAL BELT BASED ON NICHE THEORY

With the improvement of the living standards, the urban residents'' demands for recreation increased highly. It is a hot issue to study the layout of recreational belt around metropolis (ReBAM) based on niche theory, and put forward reasonable proposal about the development of ReBAM. The paper studied the layout of ReBAM of Harbin based on the niche theory, such as niche overlap, niche dimension and niche breadth etc. The results showed that (1) according to the niche dimension and seasonal tourism characteristics of Harbin, the ReBAM of Harbin was divided into two parts of summer and winter by time and space dimension. The summer ReBAM was in the suburbs and outer recreational district, i.e., Acheng, Binxian, Shangzhi, Wuchang. The winter ReBAM was also divided into urban, suburban, outer suburbs as the three major ski recreational zone. (2) Secondly, Acheng and Binxian were high density regions in the summer spatial layout circle scenic, and there was intense competition among these scenic spots, especially the winter scenic spots were in a fiercely competitive environment in the same sphere. (3) Finally, the optimal suggestions of layout of Harin ReBAM were presented from three aspects, such as niche separation, reduce of the niche overlap, and increase of the niche breadth etc. The scenic spots in Harbin around the city had intense competition and should be further optimized. The niche theory was of great significance to guide the spatial distribution of the recreational belt around the city.