垄断的经济学再思考

如果交易费用为零,那么垄断厂商就会实施完全价格歧视。不考虑收入分配效应,完全价格歧视实现了资源的最优配置。如果交易费用不为零,那么消费者剩余和利润是不可以简单相加的,更不可以二者之和是否达到了最大来判定真实经济是否是效率的。交易费用不为零,也不能得出垄断存在资源配置扭曲的结论。传统分析忽视了垄断的成因,忽略了那所谓的福利三角形,其实是避免价值消散和获得规模经济的必要的代价。传统分析还不恰当地以为政府既有能力又有动力管好垄断这样的问题。因而,其一般化的反垄断政策主张也错了。

An Economic Analysis on Monopoly

Monopoly enterprise will enforce the first - class price discrimination if the transaction cost goes to zero. And it will perfect the resource allocation. However, such efficiency cannot be realized with the existence of transaction cost, while the social surplus does not equal to the sum of consumers surplus and profit. The traditional theory overlooked the welfare loss as the cost of reaching scale economy. Also, the traditional economic analysis lay a wrong argument on governments anti - monopoly policies.