Development and application of a dynamic model for road port access and its impacts on port-city relationship indicators

Seaports are major intermodal structures in the global supply chain, where multiple stakeholders search for profitable and resilient maritime lines. Shipowners reduce the distance between the northern and southern hemispheres by connecting hub ports. Hosting a global hub port implies competitive advantages to the municipality. However, operational bottlenecks loosen the port-city relationship. One of the main conflicts in this relation is the land port access, a hard-to-be-mapped, random operation. The traffic flow rise noticed in developed countries' ports and, more recently, in emerging markets, causes congestion and air pollutant emissions in terminal surroundings. Current models for road port access are static, single-window non-synchronized truck appointment systems. As a contribution, this case study develops a dynamic model of road port access. Also, it verifies the effectiveness of its application in the port-city relationship indicators in an emerging market global hub port, the Port of Santos, faced with ports of developed countries, prospecting optimal conditions to its implementation in an environment with significant institutional obstacles.