E-shoppers and multimodal accessibility to in-store retail: An analysis of spatial and social effects |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Transport Research Centre–TRANSyT, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;2. Institute für Humangeographie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;3. Instituto de Economía, Geografía y Demografía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -CSIC, Madrid, Spain;1. School of Urban & Regional Planning, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B1Y3, Canada;2. TransLAB (Transportation Research Lab), School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada;1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China;2. Institute of Beijing Studies, Beijing Union University, 197 Bei-Tu-Cheng West Road, Beijing 100191, China;1. Department of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;2. Transyt. Transport Research Centre, Department of Transport and Territory, Technical University of Madrid, C/Profesor Aranguren 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3Q Oxford, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Amidst the growing interest in enhancing the academic understanding of the relationships between e-shopping and transport, a key element remains underexplored – the impact of e-shopping on spatial accessibility to in-store retail. The paper studies variations in multimodal accessibility to in-store retail between e-shopper groups and the associated spatial effects. The research is based on a face-to-face questionnaire, administered in the city of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid Metropolitan Area, Spain), which provides data on socio-economic characteristics, e-shopping habits, and travel time preferences to reach in-store retail. Clustering techniques serve to identify three e-shopper groups: occasional e-shoppers with a car, infrequent e-shoppers with a car, and frequent e-shoppers without a car. A comparison of e-shopper distance-decay functions to reach in-store retail is made, revealing significant differences between the three e-shopper groups for car and public transport for any time interval. However, for walking such differences are limited to time intervals between 10 and 40 min. Distance-decay functions are processed through a gravity-based model, identifying five categories of multimodal accessibility places that provide information on how in-store retail locations may be affected by e-shopping habits. The paper closes with concluding remarks on policy-making and a few pathways for future research. |
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