基于关键节点与关键路径的专利集群网络演进研究

专利作为技术和知识的重要载体，是研究技术演进和产业发展的重要信息源。目前缺乏针对专利集群网络中关键节点与关键路径中节点的比较分析和技术知识挖掘。构建基于关键节点和关键路径的专利集群网络演进模型，从两个层面综合分析技术演进特征。检索德温特数据库(Derwent Innovation Index)得到碳化硅肖特基势垒二极管（SiC-SBD）相关专利作为实证数据，时间跨度为1986-2017年。结果表明，SiC-SBD专利集群网络经历了萌芽期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期，其中，萌芽期专利主要涉及基础技术，成长期为器件结构，以完善器件结构、改进二极管性能为主要研究方向。近年来SiC-SBD专利年增长率下降，技术发展速度放缓，专利价值更多体现在其商业价值上。SiC-SBD专利集群网络关键节点与关键路径中节点重合度较高，核心专利识别可通过多视角分析得到。通过关键节点与关键路径分析专利集群网络演进过程，有助于更全面呈现技术演进过程，为决策者识别核心专利、预测技术发展提供参考。

Research on Evolution of Patent Cluster Network Based on Key Nodes and Critical Path

Patents are important sources of information for studying technological evolution and industrial development since they are crucial carriers of technology and knowledge.Currently,there is lacking comparative analysis and technical knowledge mining for key nodes in the patent cluster network and nodes in the critical path.This paper constructs a patent cluster network evolution model based on key nodes and critical path,thus comprehensively analyzes the characteristics of technology evolution from both aspects of patent cluster network core patents and critical path core technologies.By searching the Derwent Innovation Index,relevant patents of silicon-carbide Schottky barrier diode (SiC-SBD) were obtained as the empirical data source from 1986 to 2017.Results show that through the analysis of changes in the number of patent applications and the number of patentees,the SiC-SBD patent cluster network has experienced germination,growth,maturity,and recession.The patents of SiC-SBD in germination phase mainly involve in basic technology research,while patents in the growth phase are device structure research.At present,the main research direction is how to improve device structure and diode performance.In recent years,the annual growth of SiC-SBD patents decreases,and the speed of technological development is degenerative,however,the value of patents is more reflected in its commercial value.The key nodes of SiC-SBD patent cluster network have a high degree of coincidence with the nodes in the critical path,which indicates that the identification of the core patents from patent cluster networks can be obtained through multi-perspective analysis.It is helpful to present the technology evolution in a more comprehensive way and provide a reference for decision-makers to identify core patents and predict the development of technology,by analyzing the evolution of patent cluster network through key nodes and critical paths.