专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及改革路径

一直以来，高校科技成果转化问题都是社会热点且亟待解决。权属分配是政府引导转化工作的突破点，而权属分配又与专利制度紧密相关。“拜杜法案”以美国专利法修正案形式发挥着促进成果转化的作用，也同样暗示了专利制度对成果转化的重要性和特殊性。现阶段，确有必要探讨成果转化激励失效与专利制度的关联性，分析专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及决定性作用，并结合我国部分地区改革实践经验与相关法学理论观点，论证高校职务科技成果赋权改革的合理性。同时，对赋权改革如何疏通高校科技成果转化堵点进行分析，结合《赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点实施方案》，展望专利制度变革及相关规则体系建设的前景与方向。

The Operation Mechanism and Reform Path of the Patent System in the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Universities

The transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities has always been a social hot spot and needs to be resolved urgently. Ownership distribution is a breakthrough point for the government to guide the transformation work, and the ownership distribution is closely related to the patent system. The "Baidu Act" in the form of amendments to the US Patent Law plays a role in promoting transformation, which also implies that the patent system The importance and particularity of transformation.At this stage,it is necessary to discuss the relevance of incentives for the transformation of achievements and the patent system, expounds the operating mechanism and decisive role of the patent system in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, and combines some of the reform practice experience in some parts of our country and relevant legal theory views The rationality of the reform of empowerment of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities. At the same time, it analyzes how to reform the blocking points of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities. Prospects and directions for the construction of relevant rule systems.