重大突发公共卫生事件科技研发应急体系运行机制研究

在突发事件应急管理过程中，科技研发支撑作用十分关键，亟需建立突发公共卫生事件科研应急体系长效运行机制。基于科技研发应急体系的复杂性、适应性特征，从主体属性和体系架构两个层面入手，分析重大突发公共卫生事件科技研发应急体系的复杂适应系统特征，运用复杂适应系统理论模型和动态闭环螺旋模型，研究重大突发公共卫生事件科技研发应急体系运行机制。研究发现，重大突发公共卫生事件背景下，科技研发应急体系具有复杂适应系统的7个基本特征，是典型的复杂适应系统；科技研发应急体系中，科研攻关专家组、诊疗医院、科技部门等科研主体具有各自内部模型，并通过6大标识进行聚集；科技研发应急体系存在事件—需求引导、主体协同、资源交互、成果转化机制。同时，新冠病毒肺炎疫情应对实践表明，疫情防控救治进程中科技研发应急体系存在并遵循上述运行机制。

The Operation Mechanism of Sci-tech R&D Emergency System in Major Public Health Emergencies

The supporting role of sci-tech R&D in the process of emergency management is very critical,and it is urgent to establish a long-term mechanism of sci-tech R&D emergency system for public health emergencies.Based on the complexity,adaptability and other characteristics of the sci-tech R&D emergency system,it analyzes the complex adaptive system characteristics of the R&D emergency system in major public health emergencies from two aspects subject attributes and system architecture; the use of complex adaptive system theory models and dynamic closed-loop spiral model to analyze the operation mechanism of the sci-tech R&D emergency system in major public health emergencies.The result shows that,under the background of major public health emergencies,the sci-tech R&D emergency system conforms with seven basic characteristics of complex adaptive system,which is a typical complex adaptive system.The sci-tech R&D emergency system includes R&D experts group,hospitals for diagnosis and treatment,sci-tech departments,et al.They all own respective internal model,and aggregate through six taggings.There are four core operating mechanisms of the sci-tech R&D emergency system in major public health emergencies: event-demand guidance,subject coordination,resource interaction,and achievement transformation.At the same time,the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia coping practice shows that,in the process of epidemic prevention and treatment,the sci-tech R&D emergency system contains and follows the aforementioned operating mechanisms.