赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权的法律释义及实现路径

赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权，是从权属规则设计上解决科技成果转化难的国家政策。但现行《合同法》、《科技进步法》、《科技成果转化法》等法律相关规定对政策试点形成制约，弱化了政策实施力度。从法律视角廓清科技成果定义及类型，界定科研人员性质及范围，探寻科技成果所有权改革的政策目的，并对政策执行面临的法律障碍进行分析，提出以意定优先为原则修订相关法律，以有利于科研人员的基准进行立法解释，并通过单位与科研人员事前协议、约定职务科技成果归属等路径，将职务科技成果所有权依法赋予科研人员，从而解决法律规定与政策执行冲突，确保政策实施的法律正当性。

Legal Interpretation and Realization Route of Confering Ownership of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Scientific Researchers

It is a national policy issue to give scientific researchers the ownership of scientific and technological achievements by designing the rules of ownership to solve the difficulties of transformation of scientific and technological achievements.However, contract law, the law of scientific and technological progress, the law of transformation of scientific and technological achievements and other relevant provisions of the law restrict the formation of policy pilot, weakening the implementation of the policy.This paper clarifies the definition and types of scientific and technological achievements from legal perspective, defines the nature and scope of scientific research personnel, explores the policy objectives of the ownership reform of scientific and technological achievements, and analyses the legal obstacles faced by the implementation of the policies.It also puts forward that the relevant laws should be revised on the principle of autonomy of will, Legislative Interpretation should be made with the purpose of giving priority to the Scientist's interests.And the ownership of scientific and technological achievements is stipulated through prior agreements between companies and scientific researchers.The ownership of job-related scientific and technological achievements may be conferred to researchers according to laws, thus it can eliminate the conflicts between legal provisions and policy implementation and ensure the legal legitimacy of policy implementation.