制度落差影响跨国公司逆向知识转移的系统动力学研究——合法性与效率的逻辑

随着地位提升和角色转变，东道国子公司向母公司进行的逆向知识转移得到越来越多学者关注，而现有文献未能从制度落差视角展开分析，也缺乏采用系统动力学方法的考察。鉴于此，在将制度落差分为制度顺差和制度逆差的基础上，依据合法性和效率两种逻辑，采用系统动力学方法，构建制度顺差和制度逆差影响跨国公司逆向知识转移的因果关系模型及系统流图。由此，依据方程设计，对系统动力学模型进行仿真检验，并调整制度顺差和制度逆差数值进行灵敏度检验。结果表明，制度顺差和制度逆差对跨国公司逆向知识转移的影响分别遵循合法性和效率逻辑;制度顺差不利于合法性导向型子公司向母公司进行逆向知识转移;制度逆差有利于效率导向型子公司向母公司进行逆向知识转移。

The System Dynamics Research of the Effect of Institutional Gap on Reverse Knowledge Transfer of Multinational Company

With status improvement and role change of the subsidiary of host country, the reverse knowledge transfer from the subsidiary to parent company has gained more and more attention from scholars, but the existing literatures have not analyzed it from the perspective of institutional gap and lack the investigation with system dynamics method. In view of this, based on the institutional gap divided into institutional surplus and institutional deficit, according to the logic of legitimacy and efficiency, the paper adopts the system dynamics to construct the causal relationship model and system flow diagram about the effect of institutional surplus and institutional deficit on the reverse knowledge transfer of multinational company. Further, based on the equations designed, the paper conducts the simulation analysis on the system dynamics model, and adjusts the quantitative value of institutional surplus and institutional deficit to conduct the sensitivity analysis. The results show that institutional surplus and institutional deficit affect the reverse knowledge transfer of multinational company following the logic of legitimacy and efficiency respectively; the institutional surplus hinders the reverse knowledge transfer from the legitimacy-oriented subsidiary to parent company; the institutional deficit promotes the reverse knowledge transfer from the efficiency-oriented subsidiary to parent company. The research conclusions can make a theoretical contribution to the study of knowledge transfer on one hand, and can help multinational company formulate appropriate tactics to promote reverse knowledge transfer, then enhance its own innovation capability on the other hand.