知识产权保护与地区制造业升级 ——基于中介效应和面板分位数模型的实证分析

中国经济正处于由高速增长向高质量发展转变的重要攻关期，地区制造业转型升级是推动质量变革、建设制造强国的重中之重。在此背景下，首次把知识产权保护和地区制造业升级纳入统一理论分析框架，并利用2003－2017年中国省级面板数据，运用中介效应和面板分位数模型实证检验知识产权保护对地区制造业升级的作用机制及边际效应。研究发现，知识产权保护显著推动地区制造业转型升级，且地区制造业升级存在一定路径依赖，在缓解内生性问题及进行稳健性检验后，结论依然成立；知识产权保护主要通过创新激励效应、人力资本配置效应和国际技术溢出效应等作用机制促进地区制造业升级，其中，创新激励效应促进作用最为显著，国际技术溢出效应影响效果次之，而人力资本配置效应的效果有限；知识产权保护对地区制造业升级的边际效应呈现倒U型特征，表明知识产权保护存在“最适强度”。

Intellectual Property Protection and Regional Manufacturing Upgrading

China's economy is undergoing an important transition from high-speed growth to high-quality development.The transformation and upgrading of regional manufacturing is the top priority in promoting quality reform and building China into a manufacturing powerhouse.In this context,this paper brings intellectual property protection and regional manufacturing upgrading into a unified theoretical framework for the first time,and uses China's provincial panel data from 2003 to 2017 to empiratively test the effect mechanism and marginal effect of intellectual property protection on regional manufacturing upgrading by using the mediation effect and panel quantile model.The findings are as follows:Firstly,intellectual property protection has significantly promoted the transformation and upgrading of regional manufacturing,and there is a certain path dependence in the upgrading of regional manufacturing.This conclusion is still valid after the endogenous problem is alleviated and the robustness test is carried out.Secondly,The promotion effect of intellectual property protection on regional manufacturing upgrading is mainly achieved through transmission mechanisms such as innovation incentive effect,human capital allocation effect and international technology spillover effect,in which innovation incentive effects for upgrading regional manufacturing is the most effective,the impact of international technology spillovers effect, and the effect of human capital allocation effect is limited.Thirdly,the marginal effect of intellectual property protection on the upgrading of regional manufacturing industry presents an inverted u-shape,which indicating that there is an "optimal strength" in intellectual property protection.