收入质量与农户宅基地退出意愿：一个“U”型关系——基于宁夏回族自治区的调研数据

目的 探究收入质量对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响,希望能找到二者的关系,并发现提高农户宅基地退出意愿的着力点,适度推动宅基地退出,从而达到土地节约集约利用的目的。方法 文章首先将农户的收入质量分为收入充足性、稳定性、结构性、成本性和知识性5个维度。其次,运用熵值法对收入质量各项指标进行赋权。再次,计算收入质量各个分维度的数值大小,进而通过求和得到每个农户的收入质量数值。最后,采用二元Logistic模型,实证研究了收入质量对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响。结果 （1）在经济发展较为落后的地区,农户宅基地退出意愿会随着收入质量的增长先下降后上升。（2）随着收入质量的增长,小规模农户宅基地退出意愿先于大规模农户迎来拐点。结论 收入质量与农户宅基地退出意愿两者之间是“Ｕ”型曲线关系,且收入质量对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响具有异质性。建议拓宽农户收入渠道,给予农户工作技能培训机会,持续推动农户增收,切实提升农户的收入质量,促进有意愿且有条件的人自愿、有偿退出宅基地。

INCOME QUALITY AND FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO WITHDRAW RESIDENTIAL LAND: A U-SHAPED RELATIONSHIP——EVIDENCE FROM THE SURVEY DATA OF NINGXIA

This research is intends to explore the impact of income quality on farmers'' willingness to withdraw from their homestead, hoping to find out the relationship between the two and find out how to improve farmers'' willingness to withdraw from their homestead. The focus of homestead withdrawal intention is to moderately promote homestead withdrawal, so as to achieve the purpose of land conservation and intensive use. Firstly, the quality of farmers'' income was divided into five dimensions: income adequacy, stability, structure, cost and knowledge. Secondly, the entropy method was used to weight various indicators of income quality. Thirdly, the value of each sub-dimension of income quality was calculated, and then the value of income quality of each farmer was got by summing. Finally, the binary logistic model was adopted to empirically study the impact of income quality on farmers'' willingness to quit their homestead. The results were showed as follows. (1) In areas with relatively backward economic development, farmers'' willingness to quit their homestead would first decline and then rose with the growth of income quality. (2) With the growth of income quality, small-scale farmers'' willingness to withdraw from their homestead ushered in a turning point before large-scale farmers. The conclusion is listed as follows. The relationship between income quality and farmers'' willingness to withdraw from homestead is a "U" curve, and the impact of income quality on farmers'' willingness to withdraw from homestead is heterogeneous. It is suggested to broaden the income channels of farmers, give them the opportunity to work skills training, continue to promote farmers'' income increase, effectively improve the quality of farmers'' income, and promote willing and qualified people to withdraw from the homestead voluntarily and paid.