营商环境、FDI与企业创新

探讨如何优化营商环境以促进FDI的流入及FDI对企业创新具有怎样的影响对中国经济社会发展具有重大现实意义。基于组态视角，采用fsQCA和PSM研究方法，检验不同营商环境要素对FDI的组态效应，以及不同营商环境组态对企业创新的影响。研究发现，单个营商环境要素不构成高FDI的必要条件，各要素相互结合以“殊途同归”的方式产生高FDI。产生高FDI的营商环境组态有创新环境主导型、市场-人文环境驱动型、市场-政务-创新环境驱动型和综合驱动型4条；产生非高FDI的营商环境组态有3条，概括为多要素抑制型和人文环境抑制型；产生高FDI的营商环境组态与产生非高FDI的营商环境组态呈现非对称性特征；东部发达地区营商环境组态引入的FDI能够促进当地企业创新，中部地区营商环境组态对当地企业创新影响存在差异性，西部地区营商环境组态引入的FDI抑制了当地企业创新。在“双循环”新发展格局背景下，基于组态视角为优化营商环境引入FDI及促进企业创新提供理论指导。

Business Environment, FDI and Firm innovation

It is of great practical significance for China''s economic and social development to explore how to optimize the business environment to promote the inflow of FDI and what impact FDI has on enterprise innovation. Based on the group perspective, fsQCA and PSM research methods were adopted to examine the group effects of different business environment elements on FDI and the impact of different business environment groups on enterprise innovation. It is found that individual business environment elements do not constitute the necessary conditions for high FDI, and that the combination of these elements generates high FDI in a "different way", and that there are four business environment groupings that generate high FDI, namely, innovation-environment-driven, market-humanities-driven, market-government-innovation-driven and integrated-driven. There are three business environment groupings that generate non-high FDI, which are summarised as multi-factor inhibition type and humanistic environment inhibition type. The business environment groupings that generate high FDI and those that generate non-high FDI show asymmetric characteristics.The FDI introduced by the business environment groupings in the developed eastern region can promote local enterprise innovation, the business environment groupings in the central region have different impacts on the innovation of local enterprises, and the business environment groupings in the western region have different impacts on the innovation of local enterprises. In the western region, the FDI introduced by the business environment grouping inhibits the innovation of local enterprises. In the context of the new development pattern of “double cycle”, theoretical guidance for optimizing the business environment to introduce FDI and promote enterprise innovation based on the group perspective is provided.