收入差距、社会资本与居民贫困

研究目标：分析收入差距与社会资本及其交互作用对居民贫困的影响，并探讨两者的影响机制。研究方法：构建Logit等计量模型，并采用三阶段最小二乘法（3SLS）与工具变量法（IV Probit）进行稳健性检验。研究发现：在社区层面上，收入差距导致了教育与财政资源在区县间的配置不均等，阻碍了医疗保险制度的发展以及产业结构的提升，进而提高了居民的贫困发生率；在个体层面上，收入差距降低了居民对教育资源的可及性，恶化了居民的健康水平，从而导致居民进入贫困状态。社会资本能够降低居民发生贫困的概率，同时也能够缓解收入差距对居民贫困的不利影响；提升就业能力与收入水平、增加教育与医疗投资、改善社会经济地位、强化融资能力等是社会资本缓解贫困的主要渠道与机制。研究创新：采用具有代表性的中国家庭追踪调查数据，研究收入差距与社会资本对居民贫困的作用机制，指出社会资本是缓冲收入差距对居民贫困不利影响的重要保障。研究价值：为相关理论研究提供更多的经验证据和路径解释；在实践中，对减贫、防贫具有指导意义。

Income Gap, Social Capital and Residents' Poverty

Research Objectives:To analyze the impact of income gap and social capital and its interaction on the poverty of the residents, and to explore the impact mechanism of the two. Research Methods:We construct a metering model such as Logit and carry out the robustness test using the three-stage least squares method (3SLS) and the tool variable method (IV Probit).Research Findings:at the community level, the income gap led to the uneven distribution of education and financial resources in the district and county, hindering the development of the medical insurance system and the upgrading of the industrial structure, thus increasing the incidence of poverty among the residents; The income gap reduces the accessibility of the population to educational resources, deteriorating the health of the population, leading to the entry of the inhabitants into poverty. Social capital can reduce the probability of poverty in the population, but also can alleviate the negative impact of the income gap on the poverty of the residents; improve the employment capacity and income level, increase education and medical investment, improve social and economic status, strengthen the financing capacity is social capital to alleviate poverty The main channels and mechanisms. Research Innovations:the use of representative Chinese family tracking data to study the income gap and social capital on the role of the mechanism of poverty, that social capital is a buffer income gap on the adverse impact of poverty on the important protection. Research Value:the relevant theoretical research to provide more empirical evidence and path explanation; in practice, for poverty reduction, poverty prevention has a guiding significance.