“改革滞后型国有企业”及其产权制度改革

由于种种因素,我国的国有企业在20多年的改制进程中已经表现出明显的“先进”和“落后”。笔者将率先进行改革并在企业制度方面有较大突破的国有企业定义为“新型国有企业”,将那些在制度上仍然保留着原来计划特征的国有企业称作“改革滞后型国有企业”。“新型国有企业”由于较早和较好地进行了制度转换,一定程度上规避了制度风险,基本能够适应市场经济的竞争要求。“改革滞后型国有企业”由于资本、技术和市场等方面的约束而使经营状况不理想。“改革滞后型”国有企业首先面对的是来自其基本制度的约束。在市场经济不可阻挡的渗透下,市场经济的许多规则在这些企业内部以非正式的、扭曲的方式发挥着作用,这种作用的结果进一步加深了企业制度与行为的矛盾和扭曲,给企业带来更大的制度性风险。

Reforming on The Lag State-Owned Enterprises" and Property Rights Mechanics Reform

During the past 20 years of reform process, due to different reasons, Chinese state-Owned enterprises can be divided by two groups: "advanced state-Owned enterprises" and "lag state-Owned enterprises". The former, because they transferred their system early and efficiently avoids the system risk and adjusts them to the competition, while the latter, because of some limitations on their capital, technology and market, performs inefficiently. This paper analyzes the problem of "lag state- Owned enterprises".