存款保险机构代位受偿优先权立法探究

存款保险机构代位受偿优先权是指存款保险机构基于法律规定在赔付了存款人的存款损失后,其取得的代位求偿权相对于一般债权人所具有的优先受偿的权利。它源自美国1993年《综合预算协调法》中的“国民存款人优先”条款,是上个世纪80年代美国银行业危机的产物。赋予存款保险机构代位受偿优先权有利于存款保险基金的安全和稳定,更好地发挥存款保险制度所具有的保护存款人利益、维护金融稳定等职能。从法理角度考察,存款保险机构代位受偿优先权具有坚实的法理基础。我国有必要借鉴美国的立法经验,赋予我国存款保险机构代位受偿优先权。赋予我国存款保险机构代位受偿优先权与我国现行法的思想与规定具有兼容性,但还需要与我国现行的《商业银行法》和《破产法》协调。

Legislation Research on Subrogation Priority for De-posit Insurance Institutions

the subrogation priority means when the deposit insurance institution has indemnified for the loss of depositor according to laws, it has the right to be repaid prior to the other ordinary creditor. This system derives from the "citizen depositor have the initiative"clause in Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 of America and is an outcome of the American banking crisis in the 1980s. To award the deposit insurance institution the right of subrogation is beneficial to the safety and stability of deposit insurance fund, and to fulfillment of functions of the deposit insurance system, which is very helpful to protect depositors' interest and maintain financial stability. From the perspective of the jurisprudence, the subrogation priority of the deposit insurance institution has a solid legal theoretical foundation. It is necessary for us to draw legislation experience from America and establish subrogation priority in China. To give the deposit insurance institution priority is in compliance with the thoughts and provisions of the current legal system, however, it also needs to be coordinated with Commercial Banking Law Of People's Republic of China and Enterprise Bankruptcy Law Of People's Republic of China.