异质性服务企业、风险承担与开放经济下二元市场结构演变

本文将服务企业特性和风险承担因素引入异质性企业贸易理论的分析框架中,考察了发展中国家不同风险承担的服务企业在国内与国外二元市场结构上的演变机制及效应。结果表明:风险承担较高的服务企业呈现出由国内转向国外的二元市场结构演变效应,而风险承担较低的服务企业呈现出相反效应;演变机制是生产环节资本性支出的增加和营销环节贸易成本及风险的有效克服;与制造业企业的比较显示,由于外资型加工贸易企业和小型外贸企业的存在,使得不同风险承担的制造业企业在二元市场结构上的演变效应与服务企业截然相反,但演变机制与服务企业是一致的。本文研究为发展中国家促进服务业发展和扩大服务出口提供了企业风险承担视角下的政策启示。

Heterogeneous Service Firms,Risk-taking and Transformation of Dual Market Structure in an Open Economy

The paper introduced the characteristics of service firms and risk-taking into the analysis framework regarding the theory of heterogeneous firms and trade,and examined the transformation mechanism and effect of service firms with different risk-taking levels in developing countries in domestic and international dual market structures.The results indicate that service firms with high levels of risk-taking show a dual market structure transformation effect to move from home to abroad,while those firms with low risk-taking levels present opposite effects.It is also revealed that the transformation mechanism is effective resistance to an increase of capital expenditures in a production chain,trade costs and trade risks in a marketing chain.Compared with manufacturing firms,it is found that because of the existence of foreign processing trade firms and small export firms,the transformation effect of manufacturing firms with different risk levels is contrary to that of service firms with regard to dual market structures,yet its transformation mechanism is consistent with that of service firms.This study provides policy implications for developing countries to promote service industry development and expand service exports from the perspective of firm risk-taking.