我国城镇居民健康资本的省际差异与空间效应

健康中国"战略背景下,准确测度各省区人均健康资本并识别其空间关联,对把握我国健康发展水平具有重要意义。文章运用联合国创建的健康资本账户核算方法,利用中国居民收入调查(CHIPS)及官方劳动力人口统计数据,兼顾个体偏好微观视角与空间关联宏观角度,集中考察近年来我国各省区城镇居民健康资本分布特征及其经济效应。研究发现:人均健康资本存量存在东高西低的省际差异,其增长速度缓慢且逐步降低;随着收入水平与健康意识的提高,健康资本的替代效应占据主导作用,且劳动者健康风险偏好与工资的关系随年龄变化,青年时期愿为获取高收入承担高健康风险,中老年时期则更注重控制与降低健康风险;健康资本在邻近地区存在较强的空间效应,其促进本地区收入增加,但对相邻地区收入有抑制效应。

Provincial Differences and Spatial Correlation Effects of Health Capital of Urban Residents in China

Under the background of “Healthy China” strategy, it is of great significance to accurately measure the value of health capital and identify its regional correlation for controlling the level of healthy development in China. Using the method of health capital accounting published by the United Nations, from the micro-perspective of individual preference and the macro-perspective of spatial correlation, this paper investigates the changes of health capital of urban residents in different provinces in recent years using the CHIPS and the official statistical data of the population. It is found that: (1) There are provincial differences between the East and West in the per capita health capital stock, and its growth rate is slow and gradually decreasing; (2) With the improvement of income level and health consciousness, the substitution effect of health capital plays a dominant role, and the relationship between health risk preference and wages also changes with age. For young people, they tend to bear high health risk for high income, while middle-aged and old people care more about controlling and reducing health risks; (3) There is a strong spatial effect in the adjacent areas, which promotes the income of its own area, but reduces the income of its adjacent areas.