员工组织承诺水平变迁的横断历史元分析：2004~2014

为考察我国企业员工组织承诺水平随年代变迁的趋势特点及其社会影响因素，运用横断历史元分析方法，文章对2004~2014年间采用Allen和Meyer等人“组织承诺量表”的174篇研究报告共61266名企业员工进行分析。结果发现：（1）员工的情感承诺和规范承诺均值与年代正相关显著，持续承诺均值与年代相关不显著。（2）11年间员工情感承诺和规范承诺水平逐渐上升，金融危机后情感承诺水平上升显著。（3）5年前及当年的城镇化率、人均GDP和高校毕业生数量与情感承诺正相关显著，当年的CPI、GDP增长率和城镇失业率与之负相关显著；5年前的CPI、城镇化率、人均GDP、城镇失业率和高校毕业生数量与规范承诺正相关显著，当年的城镇化率、人均GDP与之正相关显著，GDP增长率与之负相关显著；当年的GDP增长率与持续承诺负相关显著。结果表明上述指标是影响员工组织承诺的重要社会因素。

Changes in Chinese Employees’ Organizational Commitment: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis from 2004 to 2014

To investigate the change trend characteristics with time and social factors of organizational commitment in Chinese enterprises, a cross-temporal meta-analysis method was used. The present study collected 174 reporting data and 61226 enterprise employees in 2004~2014 using organizational commitment scale from Allen & Meyer, etc. The results showed that: (1) The mean values of employees’ affective commitment and normative commitment were positively related to time, and continuous commitment mean value was related to time insignificantly. (2) In 11 years, the mean values of employees’ affective commitment and normative were gradually increasing respectively. After financial crisis, affective commitment’s mean level increased significantly. (3) Employees’ affective commitment was positively related to urbanization ratio, GDP per capita and the number of college graduates in current and past 5 years. It’s negatively related to CPI, GDP growth rate and urban unemployment rate in current year. Normative commitment was positively related to CPI, urbanization ratio, GDP per capita, urban unemployment rate and the number of college graduates in past 5 years. It’s positively related to urbanization ratio, GDP per capita and negatively related to GDP growth rate in current year. Continuous commitment was negatively related to GDP growth rate in current year. The correlations between organizational commitment and social indicators above suggest that they are important social factors of organizational commitment.