中国零售业自营与联营问题的流通经济学分析

零售业自营与联营之争由来已久,在当前供给侧结构性改革、完善促进消费体制机制以及零售业寻求创新发展的背景下,有必要对这一问题展开进一步的理论探讨。文章结合马克思流通经济理论指出,自营和联营的本质区别在于是商业资本还是产业资本承担商品流通职能,自营和联营并不是非此即彼的互斥关系,但如果零售业完全倚重其中一种模式并在全社会推向极端,则需要反思商业资本和产业资本是否各得其所和高效分工。在中国流通体制变革中,虽然联营模式在特定历史时期帮助众多零售企业渡过生存危机并推进内资零售快速扩张,但发展至今,已呈现零售业普遍联营的情况,使零售业整体面临着制约创新发展的新问题。数字经济为零售业回归自营提供了有利契机,零售企业应充分利用新技术摆脱联营制的路径依赖,依托数字化开展深度自营并全面提升流通效率。

The Proprietary Trading and Joint Operation in Retailing Industry: From the Perspective of Circulation Economics

The dispute between proprietary trading and joint operation continues. In the context of the Supply-side Structural Reform and the consumption system reform, combing with the pursuit of retailing innovation, it is necessary to conduct further theoretical discussions on this issue. Based on Marxian economics, this paper points out that the essential difference between proprietary trading and joint operation is whether commercial capital or industrial capital bears the circulation function. They can coexist. However, if the retailing industry relies heavily on one of these models, it needs to reflect on whether commercial capital and industrial capital have achieved an efficient division of labor. In the process of circulation system reform, joint operation has helped many retail enterprises to survive and promote the rapid expansion of domestic retailing sales in a specific historical period. But with joint operation expanding widely and going to extremes, a series of problems occur, stifling innovation. The digital economy provides a favorable opportunity for retailers to return to proprietary trading. Retail enterprises are supposed to take full advantage of new technology to get them out of the joint operation dependence as well as develop proprietary trading deeply and raise efficiency comprehensively.