保函独立性的司法认定困局及思路修正

我国“独立保函司法解释”适应了法律规则和法学理论发展的国际性、时代性需求,但从其出台至今的周期性司法实践看来,司法机关对保函的独立性认定问题,仍存在一定的认知偏差,各地法院的判决标准分歧明显。独立担保制度产生于欧美发达国家,早期独立担保项下规则适用的基本向度均与欧美各国在不同历史时期下的商事发展需求相关。在资本主义目的因子的驱动下,以美国为代表的英美法和以法国为代表的大陆法国家对独立保函的独立性认定标准各异。中国司法对独立保函的独立性认定思路应以“一带一路”战略需求为导向,参见域外“重实质轻形式”的历史性成果,对“单据”“基础合同”“从属性条款”等争议问题明确定位,采用宽松认定的基本态度。

The Identification of Independence for Independent Guarantee in Legal Practice in China

“The Judicial Interpretation of Independent Guarantee” in China is in accordance with the development of legal regulations and legal theories and is adaptable to the international commercial judicial system. However, many disputes arise in the identification of the independence in the Independent Guarantee in recent legal practice in China. The Independent Guarantee which came into being in North America and European is most adaptable to its local and historical economic demands. The differences in the procession of the growing of independent guarantee in the United States and France driven by the objective factors showed the clear importance of origins that affect the national regulation. The identification of independence in Independent Guarantee in China should be based on the strategic demand of “One Belt and One Road”, and also consider the practical needs of the Chinese Commercial evolution.