论竞争性用水的经济补偿机制

水资源的开发利用具有地区和部门问的竞争性，不合理的竞争性用水往往导致合理水权的被侵犯。本文通过对竞争性用水基本概念的描述、竞争性用水外部性的分析，提出竞争性用水中对因侵犯水权导致的损失实行经济补偿的必要性以及经济激励作用。本文并尝试建立有效的竞争性用水补偿机制，包括竞争性用水损失评估方法、补偿标准确定方式以及补偿实施的相应监督机制等。研究表明：对因竞争性用水造成的地区经济损失，竞争性用水受益方应承担相应的损失补偿。竞争性用水的合理经济补偿将有利于促进水资源公平合理的开发利用，降低不合理利用对水资源的破坏，对促进水资源的恢复具有积极作用。

Discussion on compensation mechanism for competitive water use

The competition is one of the characteristics of water resources exploitation and utilization. Unreasonable competitive water use will lead to infringement upon reasonable water right. In this paper, a concept and exterior character of competitive water use are described and analyzed. The necessity and prompting effect of compensation for losses due to competitive water use are put forward. Based on this analysis, a mechanism for the compensation is formulated tentatively, including a method of loss evaluation, compensation standard ascertaining and supervising mechanism of compensation implementation, etc. The benefited must compensate for the corresponding loss caused by competitive water use. A reasonable compensation for competitive water use will be propitious to the justice and rationality in water resources exploitation, and will prevent damages caused by unreasonable water use. It is also helpful to the restoration of water resources.