跨国公司全球化生产模式的理论分析——基于行业的视角

本文在迪克希特-斯蒂格里茨(D-S)垄断竞争模型的基础上,建立了一个3×2×2模型,分析了不同行业特性对跨国公司生产模式的影响.结果表明,跨国公司的生产模式和其自身行业特性有很大关系,某一生产环节投资的固定成本越低,跨国公司越倾向于将其转移到低成本国家;东道国市场规模越大,越有利于吸引跨国公司投资;成品的交易成本越高,跨国公司越倾向于采取本地组装的生产模式;中间品交易成本越高,跨国公司越倾向一体化的生产模式,将中间品和组装放在一起,分散在多国生产.该模型的分析结果和现实情况基本吻合,对分析跨国公司如何在全球组织其生产活动具有很好的解释力.

Theoretical Analysis on MNCs'Globalization Production

This paper establishes an optimal production pattern model for MNEs based on Dixit-Stiglitz Monopolistic Competition Model.We study the equilibrium production pattern of MNEs that differ in size and characteristics such as fixed costs of foreign subsidiaries,cost of transporting intermediate and final goods,and market share of low-wage countries.The results indicate that,the larger the market shares in low-wage countries are,the greater the fraction of firms that maintain subsidiaries there;that the higher the transport costs for final goods are,the more firms perform assembly in two or more locations;the higher transport costs of intermediate goods are,the more attractive for a firm to produce intermediate goods in multiple locations.This model can help explain the broad range of MNE production pattern in realities.