内生环境规制、FDI 与中国城市环境质量

关于开放条件下 FDI 环境效应的研究，关系到中国绿色发展的可持续性。文章基于 Copeland-Taylor 模型，将环境规制内生化于模型之中，分解并考察了 FDI 对本地环境质量的异质性影响。理论分析表明：(1)FDI 对本地环境质量的影响可以分解为规模效应、结构效应、技术效应和收入效应；(2)FDI 对环境质量改善的技术效应和收入效应为正，而规模效应和结构效应为负，且理论上存在 FDI 改善环境质量的门槛值。进一步地，文章选取二氧化硫浓度而非以往文献常用的污染物排放量表征城市环境质量，在地级市层面进行实证检验。实证结果表明：(1)现阶段 FDI 通过规模效应、结构效应、技术效应和收入效应总体上改善了中国的环境质量；(2)FDI 对环境的改善效果存在门槛值，即当 FDI 比重超过0.12时， FDI 的增加将导致环境质量的恶化。文章为当前我国如何有效地发挥 FDI 的改善环境作用以及制定更为灵活的引资政策和差异化的环境政策提供了启示。

Endogenous Environmental Regulation,FDI and Environmental Quality in Chinese Cities

The Study of the influence of FDI on environmental quality under the back-drop of openness concerns the sustainability of Chinese green development.This paper in-troduces endogenous environmental regulation into the theoretical model established by Copeland and Taylor.Then it decomposes and studies the heterogeneous effects of FDI on local environmental quality.Theoretical analysis shows as follows:firstly,the effects of FDI on local environmental quality can be decomposed into scale,structure,technology and income effects;secondly,the technology and income effects of FDI on the improve-ment of environmental quality are positive,and the scale & structure effects are negative;and there is theoretically a threshold value of FDI in terms of the improvement of environ-mental quality.Furthermore,this paper takes sulfur dioxide concentration rather than pol-lutant discharge commonly used in previous literature as the indicator of urban environ-mental quality and makes an empirical test at prefecture level.It arrives at the following empirical results:firstly,at present,as a whole,FDI improves environmental quality in China through scale, structure, technology and income effects; secondly, there is a threshold value in terms of the effect of FDI on environmental improvement,namely when the proportion of FDI is more than 0.12,FDI increase will lead to the deterioration of envi-ronmental quality.This paper provides enlightenment for how to exert the role of FDI in environmental improvement and formulate more flexible policies in purpose of attracting investment and differentiated environmental policies.