环境规制的“灰边”效应

本文基于“中心—外围”经济空间结构框架,在理论层面演绎了城市间环境规制强度级差对污染企业区位选择策略的影响,并基于2005—2012年京津冀地区微观企业具体的选址设厂地理信息,以北京市行政区划边界为断点对污染企业二氧化硫排放的空间分布特征进行了实证分析。理论演绎表明,在环境规制离心力和成本节约、市场需求潜力向心力等因素的共同作用下,污染企业最终将聚集在环境规制强度级差边界选址设厂,从而形成环中心城市的污染“灰边”。通过对6000余家污染企业共计18000余个有效观测值的回归研究发现,环北京市行政区划边界50公里范围内为污染物高排放带,改变估计参数、更换代理变量、删除特殊样本等一系列检验均证明了“灰边”效应稳健存在。北京市东部地区“灰边”效应的表现最为明显,非国有性质污染企业的高度聚集是形成环北京市污染物高排放带的主要原因。2008年北京奥运会及之后的一段时间,“灰边”效应曾随着外围城市污染企业关停力度的加大暂时消失,但2010年之后环北京市的污染“灰边”再度出现。本文将环境规制因素纳入区位选择理论分析框架,为“中心—外围”城市间联防联控进行污染治理的必要性提供了新的理论解释和实证依据。

Grey-edge Effect of Environmental Regulation

Under the Center-periphery economic spatial structure framework,the paper deduces the influence of environmental regulation intensity gradation among cities on tire location selection strategy of polluting firms.Meanwhile,Erased on the specific geographic location infonnalion of individual firms in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2005 to 2012,the paper also makes an empirical investigation into the spatial distribution characteristics of S02 emissions by taking the Beijing administrative boundary as a cutoff.The theoretical deduction result shows that,under the combined efTecl of centrifugal force from environmental regulation and Centripetal force from cost saving or market demand potential,the polluting firret.will eventually agglomerate at the environmental regulation gradient boundary to set up factories,thus forming lire pollution grey-edge effect around tire central city.Throujdi the regression study by more than 18,000 effective observation values from more than 6,000 polluting firms,lire paper finds lira!there is a high-emission zone of pollutants within 50 km around Beijing’s administrative boundary.A series of tests,such as changing the estimated parameters,replacing tire surrogate variables and deleting special samples,have proved lire grey-edge effect to be robust Tire grey edge effect is the most obvious in tire eastern part of Beijing,ami the agglomeration of non-state-owned polluting firms is the main reason for the formation of high-emission zones.During tire Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and tire period thereafter,the grey-edge effect temporarily disappeared with the shutdown of polluting firms in peripheral cities.But since 2010,the pollution grey-edge around Beijing has reappeared again.This paper incorporates environmental regulation factors into tire theoretical analysis framework of location selection.which provides a new theoretical explanation and empirical basis for the necessity of joint prevention between central and peripheral cities.