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Does easy availability of cash affect corruption? Evidence from a panel of countries
Authors:Sunny Kumar Singh  Kaushik Bhattacharya
Institution:Business Environment Area, Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow, India
Abstract:Using annual panel data of 54 countries for the period 2005-14, we examine whether currency in circulation, both aggregate and in large denominations, affects the level of corruption in a country. Standard panel data models suggest that the ratios of (i) aggregate currency in circulation to M1 and, (ii) large denomination banknotes to M1 are both statistically significant determinants of corruption. Tests for reverse causality within a panel Granger framework reveal a uni-directional causality of corruption with the first variable, but a bi-directional one with the second. These findings suggest that a limitation in the supply of high-denomination banknotes, inter alia, could be a tool to fight corruption, and bring to the fore the important role of payment systems, extending an earlier study by Goel and Mehrotra (2012). The results also highlight that, along with the government, the central bank of an economy can also play an important role in the fight against corruption.
Keywords:D73  E51  Control of corruption index  ICRG corruption index  Currency in circulation  Large denomination banknotes  Static panel data model  Dynamic panel data model  Panel Granger causality
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