内生式发展理论在乡村振兴中的实践——以日本岛根县邑南町为例

在乡村居民主导下进行内生式发展是实现乡村振兴的重要方式。从20世纪70年代开始,为应对传统外生式发展过程中产生的乡村产业凋敝、人口外流等问题,日本乡村地区以内生式发展的方法开展了乡村振兴实践。岛根县邑南町正是其中的典型案例。在当地居民的主导下,邑南町通过创新性地开发地区内部资源建立了乡村产业体系,依靠对区域内外生产要素的统筹运用弥补了本地发展的短板,实现了城乡互补的协调发展。邑南町的内生式发展实践促进了乡村产业振兴、人口回流和居民生活质量提升,满足了本地居民的发展需求。在推动乡村振兴由外生驱动转向内生发展的过程中,我国可以借鉴邑南町的经验,重视培育和提升乡村居民参与乡村发展的能力,使之成为乡村振兴的主导者和建设者;完善城市生产要素下乡机制,弥补乡村发展短板,实现城乡协调发展;有效发挥地方政府的作用,打造服务型政府。

The Practice of Endogenous Development Theory in Rural Revitalization:Evidence from Ohnan Town in Shimane Prefecture of Japan

Endogenous development led by rural residents is an important way to achieve rural revitalization.Since the 1970 s,to solve the problems of industrial decay and population outflow in the process of traditional exogenous development,Japan’s rural areas have adopted endogenous development measures to promote regional revitalization.The Ohnan town in Shimane prefecture is a typical example of a village revitalized through endogenous development.Under the leadership of residents,Ohnan town has established a rural industrial system through innovative development of local resources,and has achieved coordinated and complementary development between urban and rural areas by making use of production factors inside and outside the region to compensate for the shortcomings of local development.The practice of endogenous development meeting the needs of local residents in Ohnan town has promoted the revitalization of rural industry,the return of population and the improvement of the life quality of residents.In the process of promoting rural revitalization from exogenous drive to endogenous development,China can learn from the experience of Ohnan town.The enlightenments include attaching importance to cultivating and strengthening rural residents’ability to participate in rural development so as to make them the leaders and builders of rural revitalization;improving the mechanism of guiding urban production factors to the countryside to make up for the shortcomings of rural development and achieve urban-rural coordination;effectively playing the role of local government to create a service-oriented government.