俄罗斯森林保险发展政策分析与借鉴

俄罗斯森林保险历经酝酿准备、试点实施、短暂停滞、重启探索四个阶段,其发展总体趋势是将建立起来森林保险法律体系和政府主导的、强制的、注重生态效益的运行机制,形成完备的森林保险制度及详细的实施方案,森林保险的参保率将有大幅提高。通过分析,认为政策导向决定森林保险的发展方向,完全靠市场经济并不能解决森林保险问题,资金是森林保险的良性发展机制的核心,政府的责任和义务应该侧重于公益,中央集权体制下更容易推行森林保险。建议我国在发展森林保险工作中,第一,坚持政策性森林保险发展方向;第二,完善森林保险的法律框架;第三,大力推进森林保险;第四,规范保险金的使用;第五,对待森林的保费补贴要有不同的标准;第六,多方筹措国家保险补贴资金。

Analysis and Enlightenment on Russian Forest Insurance Development Policy

Russia,forest insurance remained some problems in the structure,mechanism and funding after 4 stages as brewing preparation,pilot implementation,short-term stagnation,restart explore.Its overall development trend is to build up a complete legal system of forest insurance and government-led,forced,focus on eco-efficiency operational mechanism,to form a complete forest insurance system and detailed implementation,forest insurance enrollment rate has greatly improved.Through analysis,it indicates that policy-oriented decisions the development of forest insurance,relies entirely on market economy does not solve the problem of forest insurance,the funds is the core of forest insurance mechanisms,government responsibilities and obligations should be focused on the public benefit,a centralized system is more easy to implement forest insurance.The development of Russian forest insurance has an important reference to China.It recommended the development of China’s forest insurance must drawing on the experience of Russia and learn its lessons.First of all,to insist on the policy forest insurance.Secondly,improve the legal framework for forest insurance.The third is to promote forest insurance vigorously.The fourth,regulate the use of insurance fund;The fifth,different premium subsidy standards must be use towards the different objects and the last is multi-channels for national forest insurance subsidies must be exploited.