农户城乡“两栖占地”形成因素、退地制度障碍与政策建议——基于“百村调查”样本分析

城乡"两栖占地"形成受土地保障功能牵制、土地收益功能吸引、乡情乡愁牵绊、城乡文化差异阻滞等因素影响。城乡"两栖占地"农户宅基地退出存在宅基地所有权主体虚位、使用权权能残缺、宅基地产权与房屋产权分离、使用权登记制度不完善等制度障碍。"百村调查"结论如下:农村"两栖占地"情况严重;农村"两栖占地"者多为经济实力较强的"能人";影响"两栖占地"农户退地的主要因素是"留恋乡情"。促进"两栖占地"农户退地的政策建议为:民主施政,让宅基地制度改革代表最广大农民的利益;科学施政,让宅基地退出政策更加符合农户愿望;精准施政,让政府宅基地退出行为更加人性化;重建信誉,让农户在宅基地退出中更加拥有获得感。

The Formation Factors of “Amphibious Land Occupation” in Rural and Urban Areas,the Obstacles of Land Withdrawal System and Policy Suggestions --Sample Analysis Based on “Hundred Village Survey”

The formation of urban and rural "amphibious land occupation" is affected by land security function, land income function, nostalgia, and cultural differences between urban and rural areas. There are institutional obstacles in the withdrawal of rural and urban "amphibious land occupation" farmers’ homestead, such as the vacancy of the subject of homestead ownership, the disability of the right to use, the separation of the property right of homestead and the property right of house, and the imperfection of the registration system of the right to use. "hundred village survey" concludes that: the situation of "amphibious land occupation" in rural areas is serious;most of the "amphibious land occupation" in rural areas are "capable people" with strong economic strength;the main factor affecting the "amphibious land occupation" is "nostalgia for hometown". To promote the policy of "amphibious land occupation", the following suggestions should be made: democratic governance, so that the homestead system reform can represent the interests of the majority of farmers;scientific governance, so that the homestead exit policy is more in line with the wishes of farmers;precise governance, so that the government’s homestead exit behavior is more humane;to rebuild the reputation, so that farmers have a more sense of gain in the homestead exit.