中国自然垄断行业规制的特异性及改革动力塑造

我国自然垄断规制并非出于克服分散竞争的低效率,而是作为传统计划经济体制的一部分,目的是为了解决重工业优先发展战略导致的资本约束问题。改革开放以后,政府放松对自然垄断行业的价格规制,则是政府在财政紧张的情形下,为保证自然垄断行业投入而采取的被动措施。当前,在市场范围扩大和技术革新加速导致自然垄断行业特性削弱的情形下,规制改革却不能向市场延伸,原因在于监管者同垄断企业结成了利益同盟,共同抵制改革的深化。今后深化自然垄断规制改革应从重塑政企关系入手,割裂监管部门和自然垄断企业之间的利益纽带,使监管者能真正站在社会大众的利益立场上行使权力,从而平衡在位企业和潜在进入者的博弈力量。

Research on the Particularity of Chinese Natural Monopoly Regulation and How to Give An Impetus to Reform

The origin of natural monopoly is not to overcome inefficiency of sporadic competition, but a part of planned economy, aiming at the solution of capital limit caused by the preferential development of heavy industry. After the opening to the outside world, the control over price was loosened. At present, the enlargement of market and the innovation of technique weakened the characteristic of monopoly industries, while the reform couldn't spread further to the market. The reason is that, the supervisors and natural monopoly enterprises ally and repel the reform. Then, the author gives some suggestion on the solution.