环境规制与中国生产率的动态变化:基于异质性企业视角

本文基于异质性企业分析框架,研究了环境规制如何通过要素替代、创新补偿以及资源重置3种渠道塑造中国企业和行业生产率的静态与动态变化过程。研究发现,在企业层面上,环境规制会提升高效企业生产率,降低低效企业生产率。在行业层面上,环境规制强度提高将不利于资源错配严重行业的加总生产率增长。我们基于1998-2007年中国微观企业数据验证了上述结论和3种渠道各自的作用。因此要实现环境改善型的技术进步不仅需要各级政府坚定不移地执行环境保护政策,更重要的是减少要素在行业内和行业间流动的摩擦以及各种制度性障碍,降低行业资源错配程度。

Environmental Regulation and Dynamic Productivity Changes in China:A Study from the Perspective of Heterogeneous Firms

Based on the heterogeneous firms framework,this paper investigates how environmental regulation shapes the static and dynamic process of productivity changes in firms and industries through three channels:the factor substitution effect,the innovation compensation effect and the resource allocation effect.The main results are as follows:(1)at the firm level,environmental regulation improves the productivity of higher-productivity firms and reduces that of lower productivity ones;and(2)at the industry level,environmental regulation is not conducive to the growth of the aggregate productivity of an industry when there is serious resource misallocation in it.These two conclusions and the respective roles of the three channels are verified using microeconomic data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2007.Therefore,environmentally friendly technological progress requires not only the unwavering implementation of environmental protection policies by the government at all levels,but also,and more importantly,the elimination of friction and institutional barriers to the movement of factors within an industry and across industries,and the reduction of resource misallocation and distortion within industries.