环境与耕地约束下的城镇化效率及其发展模式探因

[目的]考虑环境和耕地约束,构建了城镇化效率测算指标体系,测算并分析我国2000~2014年区域城镇化效率,并且从城镇化发展模式与产业结构分布形态2个角度探索区域城镇化效率差异的机理。[方法]以"工业三废"和耕地面积减少量作为非合意产出,构建了由11个指标组成的投入—合意产出—非合意产出指标体系,进而利用优化ISBM模型测算了2000~2014年我国区域城镇化效率,并利用谱系聚类方法分析了其梯队层次特征。[结果]我国各省域城镇化效率总体较低,绝大多数省域处于效率缺损的状态;各省域城镇化效率表现为明显的5个梯队层次,不同区域、不同梯队省域城镇化效率存在明显差异,总体呈现出东、中、西依次递减的格局,并且省域之间城镇化效率差距自2000年以来呈不断缩小的趋势;东部地区城镇化效率较高,总体上城镇化与产业结构之间相互协调,城市群发展程度高而使得城市之间的分工合作程度高;中西部地区城镇化效率相对较低,产业结构对经济的支撑作用相对较弱,城市体系断层明显,城市群带动作用弱。[结论]我国区域城镇化效率总体较低且不平衡,这在很大程度上取决于城镇化模式和演进机制,区域之间的城镇化效率差异体现在产业结构层次、城市集聚方式以及劳动力转移方式等方面。

URBANIZATION EFFICIENCY AND DEVELOPMENT MODE EXPLRATION UNDER THE CONSTRAINT OF ENVIROMENT AND FARMLAND

By constructing comprehensive evaluation index system of the urbanization efficiencyin the process of urbanization, this paper evaluated the regional urbanization efficiency in China during 2000-2014,and then explored the mechanism of regional urbanization efficiency difference from urbanization development pattern and industrial structure distribution form. The hierarchical clustering method was used to analyze the characteristics of the echelon hierarchy. The results were as follows: the efficiency of urbanization in China was relatively low, most provinces were in the state of efficient defect,the efficiency of urbanization in all provinces showed5 levels, there were significant differences of urbanization efficiency among different regions and provinces, the efficiency in eastern, central and western regions had a gradually decreasing trend.The gap in different provinces had been decreasing since 2000; The efficiency of urbanization and the development degree of the urban agglomeration were high in the east areas, which were relatively low in central and western regions.Finally, it concluded that the regional urbanization efficiency was generally low and unbalanced in China which largely depended on the pattern of urbanization and the evolution mechanism.The differences of urbanization efficiency were reflected in the level of industrial structure, city agglomeration, and labor transfer mode etc..