山东省家具产业集群创新效率评价与比较研究

运用DEA模型评价山东省家具产业集群创新效率,并从区域空间视角将山东省与家具产业发达地区的集群创新效率进行对比分析。结果表明:山东省家具产业集群的创新效率较高,但存在着相对于现有产出创新资源过度投入及投入资源利用率低下的问题;截至2017年,山东省家具产业集群的整体创新效率水平较高,规模效率位居中国前列,但综合效率、技术效率与广东、浙江相比具有一定差距,技术效率是山东省家具产业集群创新发展的制约因素。因此,为了山东省家具产业集群创新发展,必须完善集群分工协作的创新网络、推进产学研融合、提升地区服务创新优势。

Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Innovation Efficiency of Industrial Cluster on Furniture Industry in Shandong

⑴Background——Shandong is a large furniture province in China.And the industrial cluster is characterized by the number of enterprises but is lack of innovation ability.Therefore,the key to upgrade the furniture industry lies in the innovative development of the cluster.⑵Methods——Selected 12 furniture industry clusters in Shandong to realize professional division of labor and cooperation as research objects.First,use the DEA evaluation model to measure and analyze the innovation efficiency of the Shandong furniture industry cluster in 2017.Then,after a comparative analysis of industrial cluster innovation efficiency from 2008 to 2017 with other furniture industry developed regions such as Guangdong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hunan,Shaanxi,Beijing,Chongqing,etc.,the detailed situation of Shandong was evaluated.⑶Results——The overall innovation efficiency level of furniture industry cluster in Shandong is relatively high.The furniture industry cluster in Shandong has the phenomenon of over-investment and low utilization ratio of input resources compared with existing output innovation resources,and the level of industrial clusters,the scale of enterprises,the input of scientific and technological innovation,and the level of human capital show a certain lag in the improvement of innovation efficiency.Shandong's overall innovation efficiency is basically the same as that of the developed regions,the development momentum of industrial clusters is balanced everywhere,and the scale efficiency has been brought into full play,but the scale reward is decreasing,and the furniture industry is large but not strong.In addition,from the perspective of comprehensive efficiency,the average comprehensive innovation efficiency of the furniture industry in Shandong during the ten years from 2008 to 2017 reached 0.990,higher than Guangdong,Jiangsu,etc.On the other hand,from the perspective of pure technical efficiency,the pure technical efficiency of Guangdong,Jiangsu and Zhejiang is effective,while the innovation efficiency of Shandong furniture industry cluster is 0.990.Furthermore,from the perspective of scale efficiency,from 2008 to 2017,the scale efficiency of furniture industry in Shandong reached 0.999 on average.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——First,the furniture industry in Shandong has maintained a sustained and rapid growth trend,with the scale benefit ranking in the forefront of the country and the development trend of the industry cluster.Second,the overall innovation efficiency of furniture industry cluster in Shandong is high,but at present there are problems of over-investment and low utilization of innovation resources.Thirdly,the average comprehensive efficiency of furniture industry cluster innovation in Shandong is lower than that in Guangdong and Zhejiang.The following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the innovation and development of furniture industry cluster in Shandong:the first is to improve the innovation network of division of labor and cooperation and the industrial supporting capacity and the degree of upstream and downstream cooperation.Second,the in-depth integration of government,industry,learning and research should be promoted to establish a‘government,industry,learning and research’cooperation mechanism,to increase investment in science and technology,and to improve the utilization rate.Third,the advantages of regional service innovation should be enhanced to transform from‘manufacturing’to‘creating’,and to continue to consolidate and expand the good reputation of furniture quality in Shandong.