社区居民感知视角神农架国家公园体制试点区管理机制研究

基于实地调研得到的561份问卷资料,运用因子分析法和方差分析法提取6项管理措施并分析其与5个乡镇的关联关系,据此分析居民感知类型及成因。结果表明:居民整体感知最强的是共同保护措施,最弱的是功能分区措施;6项管理措施的感知强度与5个乡镇具有关联关系,其中对共同保护、民生发展、旅游科普和功能分区措施的感知强度最大;居民感知类型主要分为环保意识增加型、产业经济获益型、旅游带动发展型和分区限制发展型,总体上积极感知大于消极感知。根据社会表征理论和相对剥夺理论,分别从直接经验、社会互动、媒体影响、自我比较和社会比较5个方面分析居民感知类型的成因。因此,提出完善社区参与机制;提升居民专业素养;开发新的替代产品等建议。

Research on Administrative Mechanism of Shennongjia National Park System Pilot Area from the Perspective of Community Perception

⑴Background——Shennongjia national park system pilot area includes nine protected areas and five townships.At present,policies and measures related to the reform of national park system and mechanism have been gradually carried out,but the degree ofcommunity perception towards this is stillunclear.⑵Methods——The study obtained 561 questionnaires by questionnaire survey method from July to September,2018.Firstly,based on data from 561 questionnaires,6 management measures were extracted by means of factor analysis.Through dimensionality reduction,25 policies and measures were classified,and the perceived law of community residents was grasped as a whole.Secondly,the correlation between 6 management measures and 5 townships was analyzed by means of ANOVA.Homogeneity test was carried out for the difference.Then,a univariate linear model is established,the correlation intensity coefficient is used to judge the correlation degree between the independent variable and the dependent variable,and the statistical testing force is used to judge the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis.⑶Results——Firstly,the overall strongest perception of residents is co-protection measures,the reason may be directly related to the development orientation and strict environmental protection policy of the region.The weakest perception is function zoning measures,the reason may be that the functional attributes of the five townships have not been significantly adjusted on the whole,but the types of national park trust lands have been added in Xiagu township and Muyu town.Although the names have been changed,the actual policy measures have been not changed much.From high to low,the interpretation of total sample is as follows:co-protection measures(factor F1,43.188%),institutional reform measures(factor F2,17.267%),people's livelihood development measures(factor F3,6.391%),settlement and compensation measures(factor F4,5.134%),science popularization of tourism measures(factor F5,4.937%),and function zoning measures(factor F6,3.265%).Secondly,the perceived intensity of six basic administrative measures are relevant to five townships'administrative policies,among which the perceived intensity of the co-protection measures,people's livelihood development measures,science popularization of tourism measures and zoning measures are the largest.The reasons are related to the degree of every region's resource protection,positioning of industrial development,the degree of community tourism participation,function zoning and so on.Thirdly,the types of residents'perception are mainly divided into environmental awareness Increase,Industrial economic gain,Tourism driving development,and Zoning restricting development.Overall positive perception is greater than negative perception.Finally,according to the social representation theory and relative deprivation theory,the main factors that influence the formation of residents'perception are summarized as direct experience,social interaction,media influence,self-comparison and social comparison.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——According to the causes of types of residents'perception,the following suggestions are proposed:perfect the participation mechanism,achieve community empowerment;improve professional quality,strengthen propaganda;develop alternative products,train industrial skills.