自然保护区生态旅游发展对贫困农户生产经营能力的影响研究

基于云南省轿子山国家级自然保护区的调查数据,从3个维度构建农户生产经营能力指标体系,运用熵值法及多元线性回归模型研究保护区生态旅游发展对贫困农户生产经营能力的影响。结果表明:轿子山国家级自然保护区样本贫困农户生产经营能力总体处于中等水平,且呈现出区域差异性;社区社会保障缺乏和政府帮扶政策措施滞后是造成农户生产经营能力不足的主要原因;在控制“农户家庭基本特征”类别下的4个变量中,保护区开展生态旅游效果的主客观认知是影响贫困农户生产经营能力的一个重要因素,贫困农户参与保护区生态旅游相关工作正向显著影响农户生产经营能力,并对保护区生态旅游扶贫效果起到中介效应。因此,提出政府相关部门应合理规划,构建全域化生态旅游发展体系;增强基层治理水平,提供就业创业培训路径;转变观念,提升自我脱贫可持续能力等建议。

A Research on Ecotourism of Nature Reserves' Impact on Poor Farmers' Operation Capability

⑴ Background——There has been a long-standing conflict between nature reserves' construction and peripheral community development,and ecotourism had proven itself one of the pertinent approaches for poverty alleviation.However,in fact,there is a deviation between poverty alleviation by tourism and its actual effect,and which leads to poverty-extrication remains unsustainable,due to insufficient production and operation capacity of ecotourism of local farmers.⑵ Methods——Three investigations has been conducted from a deeply impoverished area of at Jiaozi Mount.National Nature Reserve,which located at Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Kunming,Yunnan province,China with 131 questionnaires in December 2018 and June 2019.And an index has been built in three dimensions of production and operation basis,production and operation capabity,external production and operation environment to study ecotourism of nature reserve impacts on poor farmers' production and operation capability by using Entropy Method and Multivariate linear regression model.⑶ Results——That production and management capability of all samples of poor farmers are overall at a moderate level and the average level is 0.297 6,appearing regional difference.Residential location will cause the differentiation of production and operation ability of peasant households to a certain extent.From views of different dimensions,the farmers in the reserves enjoy higher level of production and management,accounting for 36.02%.The main reasons caused insufficient operation capability are the lack of social security for community and lagging behind of government assistance policies and measures.The subjective and objective effects of eco-tourism development in protected areas will lead to the differentiation of farmer's production and management ability,that is,under the significant level of P<0.05 in Model 2,the poverty alleviation effect of tourism in protected areas and the willingness to sell houses and arable land for the development of eco-tourism in protected areas are positively and negatively correlated with poor farmer's production and management ability,respectively.The regression coefficients were 0.052 and-0.033,respectively.After the development of eco-tourism,whether participating in local eco-tourism poverty alleviation projects or adopting eco-tourism livelihoods independently,will have a significant positive impact on farmers' production and management ability.That is,model 3 participated in eco-tourism poverty alleviation projects and independently managed eco-tourism commodities or services at the significant level of P<0.01.The regression coefficients were 0.083 and 0.071 respectively,which indicated that the key to improve the production and management ability of farmers in protected areas was to adopt ecotourism livelihood.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The subjective and objective recognition of ecotourism in a nature reserve is one key factor that influences farmer's capability,and farmer's participation of nature reserve ecotourism has a significantly positive impact on farmer's capabilities and plays a mesomeric effect on poverty alleviation in nature reserves.In a view of ecotourism in nature reserve,there are only few researches on poverty-extrication through enhancing farmers' production and management capability,in other words,there are enormous research opportunities in the future.