集体林地适度规模标准测算及影响因素分析

基于辽宁省、陕西省、湖南省及福建省2000户农户的调查数据,综合运用利润最大化的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数法和机会成本理论的收入水平测算法对林地适度规模进行测度,并采用多元线性回归模型对集体林地经营规模的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:运用两种测算方法得出的各区域林地适度规模并不相同,林地适度规模区间值比确切的数值更为合理;农户实际林地经营面积与适度规模测算结果间仍存在较大差距;农户受教育程度、林业收入所占比例和林业补贴这3个因素对集体林地经营规模具有显著影响。因此,地方政府应明确适度规模区间,采取教育培训等措施培育林业规模生产经营主体,设立林业专项补贴制度来保证农户资金投入,引导经营主体流转林地以实现林业规模经营。

Study on the Standard and Influencing Factors of Suitable Scale of Forestland Management in Collective Forest Areas

⑴Background——The moderate scale of forest land in collective forest area can effectively solve the problem of decentralized management of forest land,and it is also an important way to improve the economic benefit of farmers'forestry and make forestry green.The key problem to be solved is to accurately measure the reasonable scale of forest management in each region and explore the factors that affect the appropriate scale of collective forest land.⑵Methods——Based on the microscopic survey data of 2000 forest farmers in Liaoning,Shaanxi,Hunan and Fujian,this paper estimates the optimal land scale of forests under different objectives and geographic conditions.And then,the factors affecting the planting scale are empirically analyzed by using multiple regression model.⑶Results——The results show that the moderate operation scale of forestland in different region obtained by the two methods is not the same,and the interval value of the forestry moderate scale is more reasonable than the exact value.The moderate scale range of collective forestry in Liaoning is from 22.25 hm2 to 50.19 hm2,that is from 36.99 hm2 to 52.37 hm2 in Shaanxi,that is from 22.63 hm2 to 48.86 hm2 in Hunan,and that is from 25.57 hm2 to 26.86 hm2 in Fujian,respectively.In addition,the factors that affect the appropriate scale of forestry management are mainly concentrated in the education level,the proportion of forestry income and forestry subsidies,and these three factors have a promoting effect on the scale of forest management.There is a significant positive correlation between the education level and forestland operating area at the 1%level,which shows that the higher the education level of the head of household is,the larger the scale of forest land management is.The reason is that the forest farmers with higher education level are easy to obtain the knowledge and technology that related to forestry,so as to improve the economic benefits through the application of knowledge and technology in the large-scale management.furthermore,the proportion of forestry income is significantly positively correlated at the level of 1%,indicating that the higher the proportion of forestry income is,the easier it is for forest farmers to expand the scale of operation to achieve scale economic benefits.The expansion of forest land scale needs capital guarantee,and the capital of forestry production mainly comes from forestry income.Finally,the forestry subsidies are significantly positively correlated at the level of 1%,which indicates that the forestry subsidies will promote forest farmers to expand the scale of forest land management,because the forestry subsidies ensure the financial input of farmers'forestry production.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——It is found that the results obtained by the two methods are different,but both of them indicate that there is a certain gap between the existing scale of forest farmers and the appropriate scale.It also suggests that the government should pay attention to the regional factors to promote the appropriate scale management of forest land,at the same time,to ensure that the fund demand of forest farmers is for expanding the scale of management and realizing the scale economic benefits.In view of the micro management subject farmers,it is necessary to increase the education level of farmers,focus on cultivate professional farmers,and effectively increase forestry income and forestry subsidies,which will help to improve the appropriate scale of forestry operations.