基于GIS的小兴安岭地区水源涵养功能研究

小兴安岭地区位于黑龙江省东北部,地形以低山丘陵山地为主,地区范围涉及伊春市、黑河市大部分地区以及哈尔滨市、鹤岗市和佳木斯市的一小部分地区。中心主要森林地区位于中国黑龙江省伊春市乌伊岭区中北部,是黑龙江乃至整个东北三省地区的天然的生态屏障。研究小兴安岭地区的水源涵养功能可以使人们对小兴安岭的生态情况有一个基本的了解和把握,同时对下一步生态环境的保护提供科学的参考。本文通过研究小兴安岭地区多年平均降水量、蒸散发、地表径流量等因子结合水量平衡方程,基于GIS对小兴安岭地区的水源涵养量进行计算,结合坡度因子以及对水源涵养分布的规律进行分析,结果与全国水源涵养研究结果进行验证,并对未来小兴安岭水源涵养量的维护提出科学的建议。结论表明,小兴安岭地区的水源涵养功能由东南至西北逐渐降低,形态逐渐破碎。土地利用类型主要造成了水源涵养功能分布的主要差异,在小兴安岭以山地为主的特殊区域内,坡度与水源涵养量之间存在正相关。在小兴安岭未来的规划中,要严格维护东南方向的生态变化,按照需求逐渐恢复西北方向的植被覆盖的完整度,以及对整体小兴安岭的水资源进行保护。

Research on Water Conservation Function of Xiaoxing'an Mountains Based on GIS

The Xiaoxing’an Mountains is located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province. The terrain is dominated by low hills and mountains. The area covers most areas of Yichun City, Heihe City, and a small part of Harbin City, Hegang City and Jiamusi City. The main forest area in the center is located in the north-central Wuyiling District of Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province,China. It is a natural ecological barrier for Heilongjiang and the entire three provinces of Northeast China. Studying the water conservation function of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains can provide people with a basic understanding and grasp of the ecological conditions of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains, and at the same time provide a scientific reference for the next step of environmental protection. Based on the calculation of water conservation in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains area based on GIS and analysis of slope factors, this paper uses the multi-year average precipitation,evapotranspiration, surface runoff and other factors in the study area combined with the water balance equation. It is verified with the results of national water conservation studies, and scientific recommendations are made for the future maintenance of water conservation in Xiaoxing’an Mountains. The conclusion shows that the water conservation function of Xiaoxing’an Mountains area gradually decreases from southeast to northwest, and the shape is gradually broken. The type of land use mainly caused the main difference in the distribution of water conservation functions. In the special mountain-dominated area of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains, the greater the slope, the stronger the water conservation. In the future planning of Xiaoxing’an Mountains, it is necessary to strictly maintain the ecological changes in the southeast direction, gradually restore the integrity of vegetation coverage in the northwest according to demand,and protect the overall water resources of Xiaoxing’an Mountains.