科学与社会关系的观点及反思

默顿、罗素、芒福德、培根就科学的产生、科学的功利性、科学的发展、影响科学的因素等方面谈论各自的看法,默顿从社会学的视角切入问题,从社会对科学影响的因素(清教在默顿观点中的重要性)以及科学自身的气质展开问题。罗素和芒福德以史学的方式进入科学技术主题,培根更多的是以哲学的视角去谈论科学和技术。他们是从交错、相似或者不同的问题阐述科学技术和社会的关系,基本都肯定科学的力量,科学的功利性。

The perspective and reflection of science and social relationship

Merton、Russell、Mumford、Bacon talked about science or scientific utilitarian or scientific development or factors which affected science,Merton cut into the problem from a sociological perspective,and start their own problems from the social impact of science Factor（Puritan view of the importance in Merton）,and the scientific temperament to start their own problems.Russell and Mumford enter the theme of science and technology from the way of history.Bacon talks about science and technology from more philosophical perspective.They described the relationship between science,technology and society from crossed,similar or different problems,and basically affirmed the power of science and scientific utility.