美国的农业政策对中国农业发展的启示

美国直接从事农业生产的人口只有600万,却生产了世界约20%的粮食,劳动力素质高、生产技术水平高、劳动生产率高,尚且需要高额农业补贴。中国要用不到世界10%的耕地养活占世界22%的人口是极不容易的,而要使8亿农民脱贫致富更加困难,所以“三农”问题一直是我国经济建设中的焦点。美国2002年新的农业法大幅度提高了政府对农业基础设施建设、农业科技和农产品的补贴,虽然两国的国情大不相同,其作法却值得我国借鉴。我国的农业基础差、农业人口基数大、人均拥有资源少、农业生产率低,要彻底解决“三农”问题,必须大量减少农业人口,以实现规模化生产、集约化经营。

INSPIRATION FROM US AGRICULTURAL POLICY

20 percent of food of the total world is producedby USA with only 6 million peasants.American agriculture with high labor quality,high production technology and high labor productivity still needs large amount of agricultural subsidy.It is really not easy for China to raise 22 percent of the world population with only less than 10 percent of cultivated land of the world.And it is a great difficulty for China to make 800 million peasants to get rich.So Agriculture,Countryside and Peasant(ACP) problems have been becoming the focus of Chinese economic work.In 2002 USA published "The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002",the Act increased the subsidy greatly to agricultural infrastructure,agricultural technology and agricultural products. The practices of USA are worthy of reference for China although the two countries have different background.Chinese agriculture has bad infrastructure,large number of peasants,small amount of per capita resource,low agricultural productivity,the agricultural population must be decreased greatly to resolve ACP problems in order to reach large scale of production and intensive management.