马克思阶级理论的方法论归属探究

笔者分析了马克思的个人观念和阶级观念,认为马克思眼中的个人是自利和理性的,并结成相互依赖、相互制约的社会关系;他眼中的阶级是阶级成员间关系的总和,是阶级关系的承担者.马克思强调阶级成员间的关系及阶级关系产生自个人行为选择,个人利益和个人行为是阶级利益和阶级行为的基础,他是从个人入手构建阶级理论的.如果除去西方主流思想孤立的个人观念的教条,把方法论个人主义理解为从个人入手解释经济现象的原则,那么马克思阶级理论,符合方法论个人主义原则的本意.

A Probe into the Ascription of the Methodology of Marx's Class Theory

The article analyzes Marx's opinion of individuals and class, believes that in Marx's eyes individuals are selfish and rational and together form interdependent and interrelated social relations. Class according to Marx is the total sum of the relations among class members and is the carrier of class relations. Marx emphasizes that relations among class members and class relations result from individual behavior choices, individual interest and individual behavior are the basis of class interest and class behavior; and therefore starting with individuals he constructs class theory. If we remove the isolated individualistic doctrine in western mainstream ideology and understand methodological individualism as explaining economic phenomena from the perspective of individuals, then Marx's class theory is in accordance with methodological individualism.