智力资本视角下创业企业创新竞争力关键影响要素研究

在双创背景下，我国创业企业数量与日俱增的同时也伴随着极高的创业失败率。创业企业通过创新获得竞争力，既是自身生存的前提，也是关系到整个国民经济活力的重要课题。基于智力资本视角，归纳了创业企业创新竞争力影响要素。通过对260位创业者及创业团队成员的问卷调查，发现人力资本是创业企业创新竞争力的最关键要素，其中创业者战略领导力、创新精神以及团队凝聚力的作用尤为突出。数据显示，不同行业、不同年龄、不同规模的创业企业，其创新竞争力的关键影响要素存在差异。相较于服务业，制造业创业企业与投资者的关系更加关键。成立时间较长、规模较大的创业企业，其关键要素除人力资本外，结构资本中的激励制度、研发产出以及社会资本中的竞争环境因素也不容忽视。

Key Factors of Intellectual Capital for Startups’ Innovation Competitiveness

In the time of innovation and entrepreneurship, the amount of new open firms in China rises up sharply, but the same happens to closed ones. How to gain competitiveness for startups through innovation is not only a premise of survival of them, but also critical to the vitality of the whole national economy. From the perspective of intellectual capital, this paper induces the factors of the innovation competitiveness of startups. Then based on questionnaire from 260 entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial team members, it finds that human capital is the most important factor of the innovation competitiveness for startups. The top factors of it are strategic leadership, innovation courage of entrepreneurs and cohesiveness of entrepreneurial team. According to the data, the key factors of the innovation competitiveness of startups are different among industries, firm ages and firm scales. The role of financial investors is more important for manufacturing industry than service industry. Besides human capital, incentive system and R&D output of structural capital, and the environment of competition of social capital are also very significant for older and larger startups, rather than younger and smaller ones.