众创空间嵌入的多层次创新生态系统：概念模型与创新机制

众创空间的快速发展引发了学者对创新空间组织和创新生态系统的进一步思考。基于对大量众创空间及创客样本的深度调查，构建了众创空间嵌入的多层次创新生态系统概念模型。研究发现，众创空间形成了一种融合创新主体功能及创新环境功能的次生生态，承担着创客与多种创新主体间的接口功能，并且向上向下横向连接了不同范围层级的创新生态圈。在多层次创新生态系统中，众创空间创新功能的实现依赖于自组织演化、开放式协同和跨层级交互3种机制。众创空间的出现和发展为创新生态系统理论提供了直接的实践依据，并丰富了创新生态系统理论的层次和内涵。

The Makerspace embedded Multi level Innovation Biosystem: Conceptual Model and Innovation Mechanism

The rapid development of makerspaces attracts people to research on innovative spaces and innovation ecosystem further. Based on observations and interviews at 14 makerspaces visits in Beijing and Tianjin, the paper constructs a theoretical model of makespace embedded multi level innovation biosystem. Findings show that Makerspace forms a secondary ecology, which undertakes the functions of an innovative mainbody and an innovation environment; it connects different levels of innovation ecosphere in 3 directions; it behaves as an interface between the makers and different innovation resources. In a multi level biosystem, the innovation mechanism includes 3 aspects: self organising evolvement, open collaboration and cross level interaction.