高校创新要素集聚对区域创新效率的溢出效应

借助超效率SBM模型测度各省市创新效率，引入创新要素集聚水平构建包含权重矩阵的面板数据模型，在考虑经济发展水平、高等教育发展水平以及产业结构等影响因素的基础上，实证研究了东部、中部和西部地区高校创新要素集聚对本区域创新效率的直接溢出效应及对周边地区的间接溢出效应。研究发现：各区域中，高校创新人力和财力要素集聚对本区域创新效率的直接溢出效应都是非线性的，集聚水平只有在适度的门槛范围内才能有效发挥集聚效应；三大区域内高校两大创新要素集聚的间接溢出效应多为负值，说明区域内部高校间学术交流与资源共享不足，在一定程度上阻碍了新技术、新发明在不同城市间转移共享，进而抑制了创新效率提升；经济发展水平和高等教育发展水平对各区域的影响呈现出较大差异性，但产业结构普遍表现出负向影响，说明当前各区域产业结构与其创新效率提升所需结构并不匹配。最后，提出了促进我国高校创新要素配置、提高要素使用率、促进创新效率提升等相关建议。

Study on Spillover Effects of Universities' Innovation Resources Gather on Regional Innovation Efficiency

By using super efficiency SBM model to measure the provincial innovation efficiency, constructing a panel data model with weight matrix which including innovation elements agglomeration, taking the economic development level, higher education development level and industry structure into consideration, the paper empirical studies eastern, middle and western universities' innovation elements agglomeration's direct spillover effect on local regional innovation efficiency and its indirect spillover effect on other regions.The study finds out that, first, the agglomeration of universities' human and financial resources' direct spillover effects on regional innovation efficiency is nonlinear in every region, only the agglomeration levels within moderate threshold could they exert agglomeration effect.Second, the two innovation elements' indirect spillover effects are general negative, it shows that the interregional universities lack of academic exchange and resource sharing among different provinces, which inhibited the transformation of new technology and new patents, thereof restrained the improvement of innovation efficiency.Third, the development level of economic and higher education's effect showed different, but the industries' structure generally showed impassive effect, it shows that the current industries' structure don't match what they needed to improve the innovation efficiency, and show the negative impacts.Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions to promote universities' innovation elements allocation, improve elements usage rate and increase innovation efficiency according above study results.