转型环境下创业战略与新创企业竞争优势关系研究

创新战略有利于企业构建新的价值链，模仿战略是对市场已有价值链的补充，现有研究主要关注创新战略，对模仿战略关注不足，实践中很多新创企业通过模仿战略实现创业成功。特别地，中国转型环境下制度不完善造成的不良竞争环境会制约创新战略，促进模仿战略。然而，实践中这两种战略对新创企业均存在积极影响，选择创新战略还是模仿战略事关新创企业创业成败。考察技术、市场环境和制度环境特征，剖析不同技术和市场环境下不良竞争对创新战略和模仿战略的调节作用。利用153份新创企业样本研究发现：创新战略和模仿战略均有利于竞争优势，但不同环境特征下作用效果存在差异。不良竞争对模仿战略的影响与技术、市场环境特征不相关；对创新战略的影响与技术、市场环境特征相关。创新战略和模仿战略并不存在孰优孰劣，是一定约束条件下新创企业战略决策的结果。

The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Strategy and New Venture Competitive Advantage in Transitional Contexts

Innovation strategy is conducive to build a new value chain, and imitation strategy complements the existing value chain. However, most of existing researches focus on innovation strategy and the attention on imitation strategy is insufficient. Many new ventures achieve success by imitation strategy in practice. Especially, as the institutions are less developed, which are the root causes of dysfunctional competition. Dysfunctional competition may restrict innovation strategy and promote imitation strategy. However, both of which have a positive impact on new ventures in practice, so that choosing innovation strategy or imitating strategy is crucial for new ventures. In this paper, it examines the moderating effects of dysfunctional competition in two types of environmental turbulence, including high technological turbulence and low market turbulence versus low technological turbulence and high market turbulence. Using data collected from 153 new ventures in China, it finds that both innovation and imitation strategies have positive effects on new venture competitive advantage, however, the effect is different: as typical Chinese context, the moderating effect of dysfunctional competition on imitation strategy has no relation with technological and market characteristics, and the moderating effect on innovation strategy is based on technological and market characteristics.