外部需求与多产品出口企业创新:机理与事实

本文拓展了Mayer等的多产品理论模型,在多产品异质性框架下纳入企业创新行为,从微观视角揭示了外部需求变动对于多产品出口企业创新行为的影响,并分析企业生产率在其中扮演的"角色"。研究发现:外部需求扩张对多产品出口企业创新具有显著的抑制作用,但是分组回归结果表明,外部需求扩张对企业创新行为的影响存在生产率门槛,高生产率企业可以在需求扩张中提高创新水平,低生产率企业则降低创新水平;机制检验表明,外部需求扩张通过规模效应促进企业创新,通过竞争效应抑制企业创新,规模效应和竞争效应分别随企业生产率提高而强化和弱化;异质性分析表明,外部需求扩张对于多产品出口企业创新的抑制作用具有普遍性,一般贸易企业、民营企业、外资企业和高技术企业在外部需求扩张中提高创新水平的生产率门槛较低。本文为多产品企业有效应对外部需求变动、制定合理创新决策和推进对外贸易高质量发展提供理论依据和政策启示。

External Demand and Multi-product Exporters' Innovation:Mechanism and Facts

This paper has extended the theoretical model built by Mayer et al.(2014)for multi-product firms by adding the innovation dimension under the multiproduct heterogeneity framework,highlighting from the micro perspective how demand changes across market destinations affect multi-product exporters’innovation,and analyzing the"role"played by enterprises’productivity.The results show that the external demand expansion has a significant inhibitory effect on the innovation of multi-product exporters.But the impact of demand expansion on enterprises’innovation behavior has a productivity threshold,where high productivity enterprises can improve their innovation level during demand expansion,while low productivity enterprises will reduce their innovation level.Mechanism test shows that external demand expansion can drive innovation through scale effect and restrain innovation through competition effect.Scale effect strengthens,and competition effect weakens with the increase of enterprise productivity respectively.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inhibition of external demand expansion on innovation is universal for multi-product exporters,but the productivity threshold for ordinary trading companies,private businesses,foreign-funded ventures and high-tech enterprises to improve innovation level in external demand expansion is comparatively lower.This paper provides a theoretical basis and policy enlightenment for multi-product exporters to effectively respond to external demand changes,make rational innovation decisions and promote the high-quality development of foreign trade.