不同苦瓜种子可溶性蛋白的研究

苦瓜(Momordica charantia L)具有食用和药用的双重价值。而苦瓜种子所含的可溶性蛋白组分(一类统称为苦瓜子核糖体失活蛋白)则具有及其重要而广泛的药用价值,在防治爱滋等病毒感染和治疗恶性肿瘤方面有望成为一种难得的新型药物。为了探知不同品种苦瓜种子可溶性蛋白组分的的异同,为新药原料选择提供理论依据,配合苦瓜种子资源开发,而采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺电泳法(SDS-PAGE),对五个品种苦瓜(鑫源牌长白苦瓜、飞龙一号长白苦瓜、李氏牌长白苦瓜、钰禾牌翠绿苦瓜和渝特牌大青苦瓜)种子的可溶性蛋白组分进行了分析、比较及提取溶剂的优选研究。实验结果表明:实验采用的五个品种或品牌苦瓜种子样品,在可溶性蛋白组成方面品种有一定的特异性,除都含有57.7KD、55.4KD、32.5KD、30.4KD、20.1KD和15.4KD蛋白外,在大青苦瓜与翠绿苦瓜中还存在有一种14.8KD蛋白(其它三种长白苦瓜未见此蛋白);在组分含量方面也具有品种或品牌差异性,几个品牌的长白苦瓜30.4KD与32.5KD的蛋白质含量均较少,但55.4KD和57.7KD蛋白的含量却比翠绿苦瓜和大青苦瓜高。因此,在有关苦瓜种子蛋白研究和新药开发时应重视品种或品牌的选择。实验结果还显示:PBS缓冲液的提取对蛋白质的损害最小,可以作为首选提取溶剂;乙酸溶液的提取对蛋白质的损害最大,不宜选用;氯化钠溶液居中。

Study on the Smilarities and Differences of Different Varieties of Bitter Gourd Seeds' Soluble Protein Component

Bitter gourd （Momordica charantia L.） have both edible and medicinal values.A soluble protein components （one category of them referred as ribosome inactivating proteins of Momordica charantia L, RIPs） contained in bitter gourd＇s seeds have extremely important and extensive medicinal value, In the fight against AIDS and other viral infections and the treatment of malignancy ,it is expected to become a valuable new drugs. To explore the similarities and differences of different varieties of bitter gourd seeds＂ soluble protein component ,and to provide a theoretical basis for the choice of raw material for new drugs, with bitter gourd seeds＂ resources development, This task using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide eleetrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） to analyse and compare the soluble protein components of five varieties of bitter gourd seed, and study the different extractants＇effects. The results showed： the five varieties of seed samples using in the experiment have specific species in bitter soluble protein composition, all of them have 57.7KD,55.4 KD, 20.1KD,30.4KD,32.5KD have 15.4KD proteins.besides,a 14KD protein was found in big green bitter gourd and green bitter gourd,but didn＇t exist in the three long white bitter gourds. The component content have difference with varieties or brands too. The long white bitter gourds have less 30.4KD and 32.5KD proteins,but the 55.4KD and 57.7KD proteins is more than green and big green bitter gourds.because of this,when you do the studies of bitter gourd seeds,or develop new medichines,you must select the brand and varieties. The results also showed ： PBS buffer have the smallest damage to the proteins, as the preferred solvent extraction; Acetic acid have the greatest damage in all the three kinds extractinon of the protein, and should not to use. NaCl solution is in mediacv.