经济分权、人口迁徙与大国发展之路——基于人均产出增长地区差异的实证分析

文章从分权式改革的视角分析了中国改革开放30年来的经济发展道路,总结了中国经济高速增长的主要成功经验在于政治集权下的经济分权。但是经济分权并不能有效缩小城乡、地区与贫富差距,其原因在于中国人口不能自由迁徙,对落后地区的地方政府不能实现"用脚投票"效应,从而影响了对地方政府的监督与激励作用。文章指出只有在人口自由迁徙的条件下,政治集权下的经济分权才能有效激励地方政府,特别是落后地区地方政府发展地方经济的积极性。在认清分权式改革与人口迁徙关系的基础上,正确设计下一步的改革方略,有利于中国真正走出一条大国发展之路。

Economic Decentralization,Population Migration and the Road to a Big Country:Empirical Analysis Based on Regional Differences of Output Growth per Capita

This paper analyzes China’s development road since reform and openingup from the angle of decentralization reform and concludes that the rapid economic growth in China is mainly due to economic decentralization under political centralization.But economic decentralization cannot shorten the gap between urban and rural areas and the one between the rich and the poor under population migration without freedom because people cannot vote local governments in backward areas with their feet,thus affecting the supervision over local governments.This paper points out that only under free population migration,economic decentralization under political centralization has effective incentives for local governments,especially in backward areas.Based on the recognition of the relationship between decentralization reform and population migration,governments should correctly design next reform strategy,which helps China to be really on the road to a big country.