社会统筹养老金供给的两难困境与政策选择

在中国养老保险制度建立与完善过程中,其主要矛盾仍然是如何筹资和如何给付的问题。社会统筹主要通过提高缴费率和扩大覆盖面两条途径来增加基金供给,而现行制度却面临着养老金供给的两难困境。一是提高缴费率增加了基金收入,但不利于经济增长与扩大覆盖面;二是不同群体实行差别费率有利于扩大覆盖面,但加剧了养老金收支的失衡。经数理模型与实证分析,社会统筹缴费率应该保持适度水平,同时应该对不同群体实行差别费率的政策进行调整,以建立养老保障的长效机制。

Dilemma of Contribution in PAYGO and the Choice of Policy

In the process of reform and adjustment,It is the key problem how to contribute and how to benefit for Chinese social elderly insurance system.Social pooling may mainly increase the supply of pension through two ways:raising contribution rate and extending coverage,but actual system encounters the dilemma of supply of pension.First,the higher contribution rate increases the income of fund,but it is disadvantage to develop economy and extend coverage.Second,It is advantage to extend coverage for differential rate with differential workers,but it may aggravate the unbalance of income and expense of pension.Consequently,this paper suggests that contribution rate should keep proper level for economic growth and extending coverage,and adjusts the policy for differential rate with differential workers in order to build the long-term mechanism for social elderly insurance.