粮食供给侧:“按量补贴”与“按质补贴”

目的]2017年中央一号文件强调,在推进农业供给侧改革中,农业由满足量的需求,向更加注重满足质的需求转变。那么,粮食供给如何实现这一转变,从强调粮食产量向注重粮食质量、兼顾粮食产量的方向转变?尽管粮食质量的衡量是一个多维度的复杂问题,但是质量终归会反映成价格。方法]通过粮食供给需求的均衡分析,建构了粮食补偿数理模型,研究了按面积补偿向按量补偿、按量补偿向按质补偿转变的条件。结果]在粮食供给侧改革中,在耕地面积等条件不变的条件下,要实现这一转变,就需要突出规模效应,通过规模化生产补贴和品牌化发展策略实现。在此理论分析基础上,通过美国、中国、日本、俄罗斯、印度的粮食生产的相关性分析,进一步佐证了上述观点。结论]结合实践经验,提出以规模化生产补贴、区域品牌或农户品牌来实现粮食质量的提升。

FOOD SUPPLY SUBSIDIES SIDE:BY QUANTITY AND BY QUALITY

The Central Document No. 1 in 2017 stressed that in the promotion of agricultural supply side reform, agriculture needed to transfer from the quantity demand to meet the quality of demand. How to achieve this shift from the emphasis on food production to the focus on both food quality and production, and at the same time taking into account the direction of food production? Although the measurement of food quality is a multidimensional and complex problem, the quality will be finally reflected as a price. This paper constructed a grain compensation math-ematical model through the equilibrium analysis of the grain supply demand, and studied the transfer conditions from area compensation to the production compensation and then quality compensation. The results showed that in the reform of grain supply side, under the condition of constant cultivated land and other conditions, it can achieve the changes to enhance the food quality through large-scale production subsidy and brand development strategy im-plementation. The further analysis of the grain production in the United States, China, Japan, Russia and India can support that viewpoint.